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Here, chilled water is used as a secondary refrigerant. Circulating water is cooled to 7°C in the water chiller, located in the engine room or auxiliary machinery space on board the vessel. This chilled water is then distributed to air handlers or fan coil units located in the accommodation areas to be cooled. The compartment air is drawn through the cooling coil and the air is cooled to an air off temperature of nominally 14°C. Temperature control is achieved by thermostatically regulating the flow of chilled water through the coil with a three way diverter valve.
Heating suitable for worldwide operation is either by the use of an electric element water boiler installed in the chilled water system to raise the temperature of the circulating water to 45°C or by an oil fired water heater with a closed circuit, heat exchanger arrangement to raise the circulating water to 45°C.
Heating suitable for warmer climates can be by reverse cycle. This is where the water chiller acts as a heat pump by reversing the flow of refrigerant through the evaporator and condenser and utilising the latent heat of evaporation of seawater. This is only effective in sea water temperatures >6°C.
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